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Abuse of new synthetic drugs among troubled users - distribution of NSD on open drug scene in the Czech Republic and their identification.
Beranová, Kateřina ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
New synthetic drugs are a new phenomenon that is expanding in many countries. NSD mimic the effects of traditional drugs phenomenological, but retain the hallmark of legal substances. NSD legal status is due to the fact that theses new substances are controlled by the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 or the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. To the Czech Republic this trend came somewhat later than in neighboring countries, and especially in 2010, when sales NSD was mainly in shops. This sale was completed in April 2011 becouse of entering 33th NSD to the list of psychotropic and narcotic substances and moved mostly to the internet. NSD composition is often changing, due to disabling preparatory material, it follows that the risks associated with the use of NSD are unpredictable. The research objective of this study is to determine the acquisition and distribution of NSD between problem drug users and also to map the most widely used NSD among this population.The main purpose of the research is to bring knowledge (as it's called, how it look, what it contains, where and from whom it receives, how much it costs). The survey was made up of semi-structures interviews (qualitative part) and structured questionnaires (quantitative part). Respondents were selected...
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Criminological Aspects of Drug-Related Crime
Spišák, Anton ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
Criminological aspects of drug-related crime Abstract This master`s thesis deals with a number of criminological aspects and issues related to drug-related criminality, in particular with legislation that takes into account the specific impact of selected drugs. In this context the thesis analyzes the drugs` impact on secondary drug-related crime, the death rate and health of their users and additional negative social and economic consequences related to such drugs. Following the evaluation of these harmful effects the thesis proposes potential changes to policy on such drugs and compares it to policies of foreign countries on individual drugs. These changes consist of various proposals including the decriminalization or legalization of certain means of handling of individual drugs. The thesis also examines national legislation currently in force related to selected individual drugs. Its conclusions are reached through a variety of researches and statistical data. The thesis consists of eight chapters which are preceded by a brief introduction to the selected topic. The first chapter lays out basic terminology used in this thesis. The second chapter deals with historical cases of drug policies such as the Chinese policy on opium in 19th and 20th century or the prohibition in the United States between 1920...
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Marijuana Regulation in Colombia and Uruguay: A Comparative Policy Analysis
Dominguez, Henry ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Morávek, Jan (referee)
This study uses a Comparative Policy Analysis (CPA) between Colombia and Uruguay using the common analytical framework created by Rogeberg, Bergsvik, Phillips, Amsterdam, Eastwood, Henderson and Nutt (2018) where it can be described, assessed and discussed policy regimes. First, it describes the development of the drug policy towards the marijuana use in Latin-American countries, and secondly, each country is classified according to the characteristics of the Policy Regimes: a) Absolute prohibition regime, b) decriminalization, c) State control, and d) free market. Besides, each country is evaluated according to the seven clusters designed in the common analytical framework. Keywords Legalization of Marijuana, Policy Cycle, Comparative Policy Analysis, Drug Policy
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Criminological Aspects of Drug-Related Crime
Spišák, Anton ; Zeman, Petr (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminological aspects of drug-related crime Abstract This master`s thesis deals with a number of criminological aspects and issues related to drug-related criminality, in particular with legislation that takes into account the specific impact of selected drugs. In this context the thesis analyzes the drugs` impact on secondary drug-related crime, the death rate and health of their users and additional negative social and economic consequences related to such drugs. Following the evaluation of these harmful effects the thesis proposes potential changes to policy on such drugs and compares it to policies of foreign countries on individual drugs. These changes consist of various proposals including the decriminalization or legalization of certain means of handling of individual drugs. The thesis also examines national legislation currently in force related to selected individual drugs. Its conclusions are reached through a variety of researches and statistical data. The thesis consists of eight chapters which are preceded by a brief introduction to the selected topic. The first chapter lays out basic terminology used in this thesis. The second chapter deals with historical cases of drug policies such as the Chinese policy on opium in 19th and 20th century or the prohibition in the United States between 1920...
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Drug Policy in the Third Reich: Ideology vs. Practice
Staňková, Marie ; Šmidrkal, Václav (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
This final bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of drug policy in the Third Reich and aims to map the contradiction that arose in the challenging conditions of World War II between the official Nazi ideology, on which the legislation of that time was based, and practice in the German army and among Nazi top leaders. In the first part, the presented paper deals with legislation concerning narcotics and addictive substances in the period of the Weimar Republic and subsequently in the period of the Third Reich, including several international conventions that were binding for the member states of the League of Nations, where Germany was a member till 1933. In the second part, the paper focuses on scientific research in the field of chemistry and pharmacy, in the thirties of the 20th century which resulted in development of addictive stimulants. Their use in the armed forces of the German Wehrmacht and among the highest Nazi leaders is then dealt with in the third part of this paper. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes the discrepancy that arose in this regard during the Second World War between the state-constituting Nazi ideology and war practice.
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Drop-In Centres and New Drugs
KAMENÍKOVÁ, Klára
In my work I focus on the issue of new synthetic substances and on the specifics of social work with users of these substances in contact centers in the Czech Republic. The goal of this work was to describe the specifics of social work in contact centers with users of new synthetic substances. The research question was chosen: "How do social workers work with users of new drugs?" In the theoretical part I focus on drugs in general, characterization and distribution of drugs. I define the concept of new drugs, new synthetic substances, their division and effects. I also define the list of addictive substances and its influence on the drug scene. Then I focus on the specifics of social work within drugs, mainly on contact work and the harm reduction philosophy. The last chapter is devoted to drug policy. The practical part is a qualitative research, where I questioned respondents using the technique of semi-structured interview. Interviews were conducted with employees of various contact centers in the Czech Republic, specifically in Jihlava, Písek and Trutnov. The data from the interviews were evaluated using the grounded theory method, on which the topic of research fits the best. Research has shown, that there are no specific approaches to working with users of new synthetic substances. This work uses principles that apply to working with users of ordinary drugs. These include contact work, the harm reduction philosophy, a relatively new hard & smart approach, and also a new approach, working mainly with new substances, should appear in the future and that is testing the quality of substances at events and contact centers. This work could be beneficial as it could be used by the employees of contact centers and other addictological workplaces, e.g. addictological outpatient clinics, as well as the lay public interested in this issue or students of related fields.
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How did succeed the proposed drug policy change by Barack Obama
Štěpař, Roman ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Divišová, Kristýna (referee)
The topic of my bachelor thesis deals with the transformation of American drug policy during Barack Obama's administration and the subsequent evaluation of its success. The aim of my work is to describe changes in drug policy over the past seven years and to objectively assess whether they are in line with Obama's original intention in 2010. I decided to evaluate Obama's strategy on the basis of two criteria. Whether the White House has succeeded in pushing for changes in drug policy, and whether this change has produced the expected results. President Obama has placed great emphasis on changing the approach to tackling drugs from harsh repression to prevention and remediation. Drug addiction has begun to be understood as a mental illness, not as a crime. With Obamacare, drug addicts are able to find free professional help. In addition, support programs for local communities have been launched to prevent the spread of the drug problem among youth. But this change in drug policy has not led to such results which the Obama administration hoped. The number of drug users has increased. For the first time in the history of the United States, more people died of drugs than shooting. Over the past three years, the epidemic of opioids has also risen and Obama failed to deal with it. Success of his strategy...
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Abuse of new synthetic drugs among troubled users - distribution of NSD on open drug scene in the Czech Republic and their identification.
Beranová, Kateřina ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
New synthetic drugs are a new phenomenon that is expanding in many countries. NSD mimic the effects of traditional drugs phenomenological, but retain the hallmark of legal substances. NSD legal status is due to the fact that theses new substances are controlled by the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 or the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. To the Czech Republic this trend came somewhat later than in neighboring countries, and especially in 2010, when sales NSD was mainly in shops. This sale was completed in April 2011 becouse of entering 33th NSD to the list of psychotropic and narcotic substances and moved mostly to the internet. NSD composition is often changing, due to disabling preparatory material, it follows that the risks associated with the use of NSD are unpredictable. The research objective of this study is to determine the acquisition and distribution of NSD between problem drug users and also to map the most widely used NSD among this population.The main purpose of the research is to bring knowledge (as it's called, how it look, what it contains, where and from whom it receives, how much it costs). The survey was made up of semi-structures interviews (qualitative part) and structured questionnaires (quantitative part). Respondents were selected...
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The War on Drugs in American Think Tanks
Faltys, Jan ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Schulzová, Helena (referee)
This thesis focuses on current situation in the USA that revolves around the legalization of marijuana from the perspective of American think tanks also known as policy institutes. The aim was to compare approaches of these institutions which differ from each other in their ideological background as well as in their proposed solution. It was necessary for a complex analysis to cast light on the institution of think tanks, their history and influence on lawmaking. Four different groups of think tanks were chosen - libertarian, conservative, centrist and liberal/progressive. It was found out that their impact is hard to measure but they certainly do have some impact. Individual think tanks propose different drug policies from legalization to decriminalization to preservation of current situation and not even two think tanks in the same ideological group share the same opinion.
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Snižování rizik u transakcí na trhu s marihuanou v České republice a v USA - instituce přátelství
Běláčková, Vendula ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zábranský, Tomáš (referee) ; Dušek, Libor (referee)
BACKGROUND: Economists depict illicit markets as violent, due to the lack of centralized property rights enforcement. At the same time, the importance of friendship networks and drug sharing is a recently documented feature of the marijuana market. Recent studies show an increased role of acquiring marijuana through friends, especially in settings where drug policy is rather punitive. This thesis extends this research into the norms that marijuana users attribute to their definition friendship. To do this, the thesis conceptualizes friendship as a type of institution that reduces the transaction costs on the market, and like that, it limits the decision making of marijuana market players. DATA: Marijuana market patterns in the Czech Republic and North-Central Florida were analyzed via both qualitative and quantitative research methods. For the purpose of the qualitative study, 44 (resp 66) study participants were marijuana users and retailers recruited at North-Central Florida (resp in the Czech Republic), with the use of respondent-driven sampling. Inclusion criteria into the study was the use of marijuana in the last 12 months. Semi-structured interviews, that took 80 minutes on average, followed an interview guide focused on marijuana use, sharing, purchases, sales and growing, with extensive probes on activities of respondents` "friends", as they defined them. As for the quantitative data, marijuana market modules from two representative general population surveys on substance use were used (CS 2008, NSDUH). METHODS: Qualitative data were analysed with the use of inductive analysis, and were framed into institutional economics theory. Quantitative data were analyzed with the use ordinary logit models. FINDINGS: The study has shown remarkable impact of drug policies on cannabis markets via comparison between the Czech Republic and the U. S. (North-Central Florida). The study findings suggest that users' definitions of friendship include expectations for behavior that sustain the distribution chain within the marijuana markets. Respondents provided definitions of friendship that contained norms on marijuana sharing and reciprocation, purchases for friends, and introduction to the dealer - for whom the term "friend" has been used as a synonym in most cases. In quantitative analysis, acquistion through a friend made significant reduction of price at last purchase in the U. S., approaving the hypothesis that friendship can be an effective institution to reduce transaction costs on the market. In the Czech Republic, such analysis was inconclusive. This demonstrates that the importance of friendship might be higher in countries where drug prohibition is more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Punitive drug policy provides incentives to shrinking the market into social networks, and like that, it imposes harms on users in terms of decreasing control over their substance use can criminal risks (larger amounts purchased, and the risk of detection to regular citizens, who serve as middlemen on the market without an intention to make profit). For more precise estimates, further surveys shall distinguish between different modalities of friendship, and between different product types.
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